Strep A

2022 - 12 - 7

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Image courtesy of "BBC News"

Strep A: Five-year-old girl dies from illness linked to bacterial infection (BBC News)

The Black Mountain Primary School pupil became severely ill last week and was treated at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, but died on Monday. On ...

Contact your GP if: - your baby is under three months old and has a temperature of 38°C, or is older than three months and has a temperature of 39°C or higher But some people who catch it can get very sick. "The other thing to be aware of is that the treatment for strep A is an antibiotic called Penicillin V," Dr O'Hagan said. She said she wanted to reassure people that the UK Health Security Agency was on top of the situation and was not concerned that there was a wider outbreak than would be expected. But the number of cases of invasive group A strep, or iGAS - the most serious form of infection - is 33 so far in 2022, compared to 55 in 2018 and 72 in 2019 (before the pandemic). [during a similar period in 2017-18](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/group-a-streptococcal-infections-activity-during-the-2022-to-2023-season/group-a-streptococcal-infections-report-on-seasonal-activity-in-england-2022-to-2023) - the last "high season for iGAS infection" - there were four deaths in England. There is a warning that the number of cases of both strep A and scarlet fever will rise in the coming weeks. Dr Veal added that in a cluster of cases - for example in a school - anyone with symptoms should be assessed by a doctor, who would decide if they should be given antibiotics. The PHA's Dr Philip Veal said the science did not support closing schools amidst clusters of strep A infections as this would have "limited impact" and children would continue to congregate in other settings. Parents need to be vigilant - that is the message from health officials and local doctors. A five-year-old girl has died from an illness linked to the bacterial infection strep A in Belfast.

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Image courtesy of "The Guardian"

Strep A is circulating in the UK – and so are myths about what's ... (The Guardian)

We don't know yet what's behind the spate of strep A deaths, but we can do more to protect children, says Edinburgh University chair of global public health ...

Diagnosis is a challenge in the NHS, given that swabs need to be sent to laboratories and can take days to get back – this creates delays in diagnosis and treatment. And while strep A is obviously concerning, we have the knowledge and tools to manage the disease and prevent more deaths. Introducing these rapid strep A tests into primary care would help an overburdened system by allowing nurses and support staff to test children who are unwell, and move quickly to the most appropriate clinical management. The first step is to raise awareness among parents and caregivers of the early signs to look for and when to seek medical care. And there is a good surveillance system with positive throat swabs being recorded by laboratories and sent to health authorities to keep track of the rise in cases. This is not a repeat of Covid-19: strep A is a disease that is well researched and known by the medical community. Early use of antibiotics such as penicillin works against the vast majority of infections within 24 hours, and early treatment is vital to better outcomes. This makes it a difficult disease to contain during an indoor mixing and party season, and clinically it is hard to diagnose strep A at an early stage when it is seen in primary care. And in fact one could also argue that restrictions on social mixing and the reduced transmission of all infectious diseases delayed strep A infection in children, including severe cases. Why are we seeing a steep increase in cases, at a different time of year compared with before the pandemic? And in Scotland, [437 children](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-63845497) were recorded as having strep A in the past two weeks, putting it on par with the 2017/18 season, albeit much earlier in the winter. Strep A is a common infection in children and most cases are mild or asymptomatic.

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Image courtesy of "New Scientist"

What we know so far about strep A child deaths in the UK (New Scientist)

Nobody knows for sure why more children than usual have died due to the group A streptococcus bacterium this year, but increased mixing and viral infections ...

Strep A-related deaths in children are rare in the UK, but there was a similar outbreak before. [to kill 150,000 people a year globally](https://savac.ivi.int/factsNfindings). Invasive strep A is more common in people over 75 than in children. [group A streptococcus, or Streptococcus pyogenes](https://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/a-to-z-of-topics/streptococcal-infections/group-a-streptococcal-infections/), that is common worldwide. Scarlet fever is most common in young children, but people can develop strep A complications at any age. [blood](/definition/blood/#:~:text=Blood%20is%20pumped%20around%20the,being%20developed%20for%20medical%20purposes.) and cause extremely severe infections, known as invasive group A streptococcus disease, or iGAS, which was responsible for the eight children’s deaths. The most common symptom is a very sore throat, known as strep throat. Treating strep throat and scarlet fever with antibiotics lowers the already very low risk of invasive illness. [Rheumatic heart disease](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/rheumatic-heart-disease#:~:text=Key%20points-,Rheumatic%20heart%20disease%20is%20a%20condition%20in%20which%20the%20heart,a%20person%20at%20increased%20risk.) is rare in higher-income countries where strep A infections are treated with antibiotics, but remains common in low-income nations. Another [300,000 a year die from rheumatic heart disease](https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13075-022-02829-3), caused by strep A triggering an autoimmune reaction that damages the [heart](/article-topic/heart/). [produces nine times as much toxin](https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30446-3) as other strains has been circulating in the UK since 2014, and might be responsible for the increases in scarlet fever and invasive strep A disease seen since that year. In the UK, eight children are reported to have died as a result of rare but severe complications of the infection strep A since September.

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Image courtesy of "North Wales Pioneer"

Child, five, dies after Belfast primary school reports Strep A case (North Wales Pioneer)

Parents of the youngest pupils at Black Mountain Primary School received a letter from the Public Health Agency on Friday to tell them a pupil had been ...

If any of those develop in an adult or a child, we’re encouraging them to speak to their doctor for further advice.” We’re just praying for the child that he will be fine.” Last week, the Public Health Agency in Northern Ireland urged parents and carers to be aware of scarlet fever symptoms after an increase in the number of cases at schools and nurseries across the region. Symptoms of scarlet fever include sore throat, headache and fever, along with a fine, pinkish or red body rash with a “sandpapery” feel. “We are keen to communicate to parents and schools what to watch out for for scarlet fever, that is, a sore throat, a high fever – a temperature above 38 degrees – or the appearance of a red raised rash on the skin, sandpapery or leathery feel to it. On Tuesday morning, the school spoke of its “tragic loss” and said “the thoughts of the entire school are with the pupil’s family and friends at this difficult time”.

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Image courtesy of "Bloomberg"

What You Need to Know About Strep A Infection And When to Worry (Bloomberg)

Group A Streptococcus is a bacteria usually found in the mouth or on the skin that can cause strep throat and scarlet fever, as well as skin infections. In some ...

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Image courtesy of "Daily Mail"

Strep A vaccine is 'desperately needed', Government adviser claims (Daily Mail)

A British vaccine expert has said the world 'desperately needs' a jab that can beat Strep A as reports emerge that the normally mild bacterial infection has ...

The number serious infections from Strep A in England for this time year (thin green line) is far higher than pre-pandemic seasons. One of the most common is the whooping cough jab, designed to protect against the disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. The current number of total cases is also much higher than the peaks of every year except 2017/18 (thin blue line). This map shows the rates of invasive Group A Streptococcal disease (iGAS), a serious form of Strep A infection in England's regions. This was linked to trial of a jab that allegedly gave two children rheumatic fever, though this is disputed by some experts. 'There is a desperate need to make a vaccine against this bug. [What are the symptoms of strep A? Five-year-old Stella-Lily McCokindale is the ninth British child to have died following a Strep A infection, and the first in Northern Ireland. The 'bubbly' and 'beautiful' seven-year-old is the only child to have died from Strep A in Wales so far. Everything you need to know about the killer bug sweeping Britain](/health/article-11494709/What-Strep-symptoms-does-infection-spread.html) The stall in jab development has been partly attributed to a ban on human trials of Strep A vaccines in 1979 in the US. One of the Government's top vaccine advisors says a Strep A vaccine is desperately needed as the UK records the ninth death of a child from the bacterial infection

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Image courtesy of "The Independent"

Strep A – live: Ninth child dies as Belfast school confirms 'tragic loss ... (The Independent)

Nine children are confirmed to have died from Strep A in recent weeks, and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has confirmed there has been an increase in ...

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Image courtesy of "The Washington Post"

Strep A: What to know about the usually mild infection leading to ... (The Washington Post)

Symptoms of Strep A are usually mild, though an invasive form of the bacterial infection called iGAS has led to deaths of young children in Britain.

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Image courtesy of "North Wales Pioneer"

Llandudno mum warns of Strep A infections (North Wales Pioneer)

Joanne Jones, from Llandudno, said her eight-year-old daughter Jasmine started feeling unwell, which she initially mistook for a chest infection.

- On more darkly pigmented skin, the scarlet rash may be harder to spot, but it should feel like ‘sandpaper’. These children will go on to develop scarlet fever-specific symptoms, including a fine pink-red rash that feels like sandpaper to touch, and parents should contact their GP. Older children may not have the rash “She would go bright red, and it felt like I was holding a hot water bottle from the heat coming off her face, back, and chest. Strep A can also cause other types of infections, including throat, chest, and skin infections. “She was leaning into me, falling asleep on the street. “Her temp was 39.3 degrees. Public Health Wales says the complication, known as iGAS, is an invasive infection but rare. If it’s left, it’s life-threatening. She added: “It’s not good enough. “My daughter started off with a cough, which got worse,” she said. Then it turned into some kind of sickness bug, so I thought she had one of those 24-hour things.

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Image courtesy of "North Wales Pioneer"

No shortage of antibiotics to treat Strep A, Health Secretary says (North Wales Pioneer)

To date, at least nine children have died from complications caused by the Strep A infection.

Now, sometimes GPs can have particular surges if they’ve got a lot of demand in an area, and that’s quite routine … “They’re under a duty to notify us if there are supply shortages. “The medical suppliers are required to notify us if they’ve got shortages.

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Image courtesy of "The Spectator Australia"

Is lockdown to blame for the Strep A spike? | The Spectator Australia (The Spectator Australia)

In most cases, Group A Streptococcus, a bacterial infection common in school-age children, is mild. From 'strep throat' that can cause tonsillitis, to skin ...

But while cases of Strep A are on the rise, supplies of the medication that treats it are running out. This emerging ‘public health emergency’ needs to see a concerted effort by health authorities and government officials if more deaths are to be prevented. Penicillin V is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Some scientists are pointing the finger at the ‘Covid immunity debt’: in short, many are worried that lockdowns – and the lack of mixing among children – means that viruses are swarming back into a population with little immunity to battle them. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has issued a warning, calling on parents to be vigilant in looking out for symptoms. As of today, nine children have died in the UK after falling ill with Strep A.

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Image courtesy of "The Guardian"

Will preventive antibiotics stop deadly strep A among schoolchildren? (The Guardian)

Nine UK children have died of strep A infections in recent weeks. How is the government responding?

Penicillin is not the only antibiotic that is effective against strep A; it is merely the antibiotic of choice. What is less clear is how effective preventive antibiotics are at reducing the number of severe invasive infections that arise from contact with a known case. Part of the reason is that iGAS is rare – many secondary cases will be milder, non-invasive infections. If there is an outbreak of iGAS in a school, a local outbreak team will go in, identify close contacts of known cases and offer them a 10-day course of penicillin. At the end of November, health officials offered antibiotics to all staff and the pupils in Years 1 and 2 at Ashford Church of England primary school after a [Public health guidelines](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/invasive-group-a-streptococcal-disease-managing-community-contacts) drawn up more than a decade ago state that close contacts of iGAS cases can receive prophylactic antibiotics for 10 days if there are two or more cases in a household or an institutional setting such as a nursing home or school.

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